Presente
What is happening now, habits, general truths, and plans: domani parto.
- io mi chiamo
- tu ti chiami
- lui / lei si chiama
- noi ci chiamiamo
- voi vi chiamate
- loro si chiamano
to be called
Regular -are verb, gerund chiamandosi, past participle chiamato, auxiliary essere.
Conjugated like scavare, migliorare, monitorare, ritirare, convalidare, provare
Mi, ti, si
The pronoun comes before the verb, mi chiamo, and before the auxiliary: mi sono chiamato. It attaches to commands, chiamati, and to the infinitive and the gerund. A ban to tu has two orders: non chiamarti / non ti chiamare.
Lei, the polite you, takes the form of lui / lei: Lei parla.
After essere, the participle agrees with the subject: andato, andata, andati, andate.
Enough to talk about now, your plans, and the past.
What is happening now, habits, general truths, and plans: domani parto.
The everyday past for a finished action: avere or essere plus the participle.
Past habits, descriptions, and what was going on.
What will happen, and a guess about now: sarà vero.
Polite requests, wishes, and hypotheses: “would …”.
Orders and advice; Lei is the polite form. The subject in parentheses is not said.
Telling someone not to do something: non plus the infinitive for tu.
What is happening right now: stare plus the gerund.
What was going on at a moment in the past: stavo plus the gerund.
A past action completed before another past action.
After opinions, wishes, doubts, and feelings: penso che, spero che, benché.
The subjunctive for an action already completed: penso che sia partito.
Hypotheses with se, wishes, and the subjunctive in the past: se potessi…
Regrets and hypotheses about the past: se l’avessi saputo…
What would have happened, and the future seen from the past: disse che sarebbe venuto.
Something about to happen: sto per uscire, I am about to go out.
An action finished before a future moment, or a guess about the past: sarà già partito.
The past of stories, history, and books. Common in speech in the South, rare in the North.
Literary: an action just before another in the passato remoto, after quando or appena.